We are still unable to answer this question. Since this time, debates have ensued about whether our current condition is the “new normal” level, or whether the recent increase should be viewed as a bump on the road to an even more peaceful world. Then in 2014, several wars became very lethal, and in particular the war in Syria. The first fifteen years of this century were exceptionally peaceful. There were six wars in 2018, down from 10 in 2017.Internationalized conflicts and nonstate conflicts continue to represent major threats to reductions in violence.Afghanistan is again the deadliest conflict region in the world 48% of all casualties in state-based conflicts in 2018 were in Afghanistan.There was a significant decline in conflict casualties in 2018, with 23% fewer casualties compared with 2017, and 49% fewer than 2014.The number of state-based armed conflicts in the world increased slightly from 50 in 2017 to 52 in 2018, with the Islamic State active in 12 of them.A key issue remains internationalized conflicts – civil wars with external parties involved – where a majority of fatalities in 2018 has been recorded. The number of armed conflicts in 2018 was slightly higher than 2017 and much higher than ten years ago, but the number of fatalities occurring in these conflicts was below average for the post–Cold War period. This article was originally published by the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in June 2019.
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